The World of Number the Stars: Families of World War II

Though wars are mostly known for their battles, it is also important to understand what life was like on the home front during those times. What was it like for children and their families during World War II? What did different countries do to keep families safe? Did the war affect jobs at all? Was it hard to get food or clothes? What did children do for fun? Did they go to school? What did they do to support the war effort? During World War II, the lives of children and their families living in America and the life of the Johansen family from Number the Stars (along with other families from Nazi occupied countries) had similarities and differences. One characteristic that was similar with all families during World War II is that their lives changed because of the war.  
 

Since much of the war was fought in Europe, Americans felt fairly safe. However, all that changed on Sunday, December 7, 1941, when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor. Suddenly, a war that seemed so far away started to get closer to their homes in America. After that, some cities began making the people who lived there put dark paper or dark curtains over their windows so that if bombers came, they would not see the city. They also turned off the street lights and sometimes had air raid drills. Children, like Annemarie Johansen from Number the Stars, who lived in the Nazi-occupied parts of Europe, were also forced to put blackout curtains over their windows. They had a curfew during the night and soldiers on the streets. 

In Denmark and other occupied countries, some people joined the Nazi army, while others stayed with their original jobs. Many Jews in occupied countries lost their jobs because the Nazis closed down their shops. Though the war was mostly fought on non-American soil, Americans were affected by the war also. One change was that the U.S. factories that once made every day appliances began to make weapons and other war-related items. Since most of the men who worked in the factories left to fight in the war, women worked in the factories. In some states, even children worked in factories part-time. The war, as terrible as it was, helped get the United States out of the Great Depression. Because more jobs opened up in the army and in the factories that made war materials, less people were out of work.   

During the war, everyday items were hard to find. If a family lived in a Nazi-occupied country, it would be hard to find a new coat, clothes, shoes, hats, and gloves. If one of those items was found, it would be very expensive. Usually mothers would have to make and re-make dresses, shirts, and other clothing items for their children. In Number the Stars, Kirsti’s mother bought her shoes made of fish scales because there were not any other shoes that she could buy, and Kirsti needed new shoes.  It was also hard to get food items, because most of the food was used to feed the Nazi army. In America, many food items, shoes, and gas were rationed to make sure that the army had enough to eat and enough other provisions that they needed.

In Nazi-occupied countries during the war, life was very different for the children who lived there. Many of the things that children enjoyed so much disappeared when the war began. Many foods, such as ice-cream and frosted cupcakes, were almost impossible to find. Children living in Copenhagen could not visit Tivoli Gardens any more, because the Nazis had closed it and burned part of it when they came. Families did not take vacations either. Since most families had trouble just getting food on the table, they did not spend money on pleasures. Most children would play with whatever things they already had. As for school, most children continued to attend, except for Jewish children who had been prohibited from taking classes there. In America, children also went to school and made do with what toys and things that they had. They had parks and places to play, but not many things to play with, since factories that used to make toys had begun to manufacture weapons.

Sometimes in German-occupied countries, older children, like Lise Johansen and her fiancé Peter, joined resistance fighters and fought against the Nazis. A few children may have even helped as Annemarie did when she helped her Jewish friend Ellen escape to Sweden. Children in America helped the war effort in many ways also. One way was by planting Victory Gardens. When the seeds that they planted grew, they would use the produce as food for their family so the farmers could send more food to the troops overseas. They also collected leather, paper, string, cloth, and metal to be recycled and given to the factories to be made into items for the army. In Chicago, Illinois, children saved $263,148.83 worth of change for the government to buy two airplanes, 125 jeeps, and a motorcycle. Many older boys even joined the army.

The lives of children and their families were changed because of World War II. Many families gave up their old way of life to help the war effort. Many in Europe were forced to give up their old way of life. Even though many families experienced hardship during the war, they still continued to fight for what they believed was right.

– By Clara May

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Sources:

Josephson, Judith Pinkerton. Growing up in World War II. Minneapolis: Learner Publications Company, 2003. Print.

Lowry, Lois. Number the Stars. New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc., 1989. Print.

Nicholson, Dorinda Makanonlani. Remember World War II: Kids Who Survived Tell Their Stories.  Washington D.C.: National Geographic Society, 2005. Print.

Whitman, Sylvia. Children of the World War II Home Front. Minneapolis: Carolrhoda Books, Inc., 2001. Print. 

A Book Report: Number the Stars

In Number the Stars by Louis Lowry, ten-year-old Annemarie and her friend Ellen Rosen are waiting for World War II to end. In Copenhagen, Denmark, everywhere they look, there is a Nazi soldier ready to mock them. The Jews are being killed day by day, and suddenly the Nazis find out Ellen is a Jew. Annemarie and her family do everything they can do to keep Ellen’s family safe. As Ellen tries to blend in to Annemarie’s family, both Ellen and Annemarie must learn courage and bravery if they want to survive.

This story begins when Ellen and Annemarie are walking home from school one day. When the girls are stopped by Nazi soldiers on the street, they see just how cruel the soldiers really are. Later in this book, Annemarie and Ellen move into Annemarie’s uncle’s house. There they learn to have faith and trust that everything will turn out okay. Another scene where Annemarie must practice bravery is when she is sent into the woods with a package to give to her uncle who is at the dock in his fishing boat, waiting to smuggle Ellen and her family out of Denmark. She doesn’t know what is in the package or where it came from. As she is delivering this package, the Nazi soldiers stop her. Annemarie decides to act immature like her little sister Kristi would act. Acting like this saves Ellen and other Jews and gets them safely to Sweden. 

 

In this book, I learned that we should always stand up for what is right, even if it means getting hurt. Louis Lowry made Annemarie a very lovable character, because she stood up for her friend no matter what happened to her. She made it so clear that you should be brave and stand up for what is right even if it means getting in trouble. This book is a page turner – it will leave readers wanting to keep reading until the very end of the book. Number the Stars has been given many awards including the Newberry Award Medal, and has been named the book of the year by the School Library Journal.  

– By Leigh Collins

An Analysis: Number the Stars

“You shall not lie” (Exodus 20:16). This is an explicit biblical command ordering us to tell the truth always, even under difficult circumstances. It is the Ninth Commandment, and, therefore, we should always obey it. However, Annemarie Johansen and her family go directly against this command and endanger their own lives in order to save their Jewish friends. The setting of the book, Number the Stars by Lois Lowry, is in Copenhagen, Denmark, during the second world war. Annemarie, her sister Kirsti, her mother, and her father are confronted with a decision that could change the lives of their best friends, the Rosens. Soldiers are on the prowl, seeking, capturing, and killing Jews. Those that are not killed are exported to Germany. The Rosens are Jews, and they must flee Denmark to escape to Sweden. Mr. and Mrs. Rosen are hidden, but they send their daughter Ellen, Annemarie’s best friend, to the Johansens until they can find a way to get Ellen out of Copenhagen. A group of soldiers burst into the Johansens apartment one night, demanding to know where the Johansens are. The children are brought before the soldiers, and Mr. and Mrs. Johansen lie in order to save Ellen and her family. This clearly goes against the Ninth Commandment, along with other explicit biblical commands to tell the truth.

 
Should the Johansens have lied to the soldiers? I believe that they were right for two reasons. The first reason is that they were protecting the innocent. The second reason is that they were also saving several lives.

The first reason the Johansens were right in lying is that they were protecting the innocent. The Rosens had not disobeyed the government, and they had done nothing to anger or provoke the soldiers. The Nazis would have arrested the Rosens simply for adhering to their personal beliefs. Also, God tells us to save the innocent believers who are being martyred. “Rescue those who are being taken to death; hold back those who are stumbling to the slaughter” (Proverbs 24:11). The Jews were those who were being captured and killed, and the Johansens, by their actions, were protecting the innocent people who could not defend themselves. The Rosens had no connections with the Resistance, a group of people who smuggled Jews to safer places, so there was no way that the Rosens could have escaped without help. The Johansens’ uncle was in the Resistance, as well as a young man named Peter, whom the Johansens knew. By sending the Rosens to the uncle, the Johansens were protecting and saving their friends who were being persecuted.

The second reason the Johansens were right in lying is that they were saving several lives. Mrs. Johansen, Annemarie, Kirsti, and Ellen went to Annemarie’s uncle to help the Rosens escape Denmark. The Johansens saved Ellen’s life as well as her parents’ lives. By remaining silent and acting a lie, the Johansens saved the lives of the other Jews who were leaving Denmark with the Rosens. Mrs. Johansen had to lie to the soldier who came to the uncle’s house when all the Jews were gathered there to leave. She had to lie to that soldier, she and Mr. Johansen had to lie to the soldiers in the apartment, and the entire family was acting a lie by not saying anything to the soldiers. In lying to the soldiers, the Johansens saved the lives of the present Jews, of the uncle, of Peter, and also the lives of their own family, for helping the Jews was punishable with death or deportation.

In conclusion, I think that the Johansens were right in lying to the soldiers for two reasons: they were protecting the innocent and they were saving several lives.

– By Samantha Jennings 

A Review: Number the Stars

I enjoyed reading the historical fiction book Number the Stars by Lois Lowry. This book revolves around Jewish people in Denmark, during World War II, trying to escape the Nazis. There was one particular part in the book that really stood out to me. In this part, the Johansen family and Uncle Henrick risk their lives to smuggle Jews out of Denmark. 

 
The Jews of Denmark were suffering from German persecution and were trying to escape to Sweden. Many people, including the Johansens, were helping the Jews depart. One night, many Jews secretly arrived at Uncle Henrick’s home to mourn for the loss of Great Aunt Birte. Everything is quiet when there is a sudden knock at the door. It is the Nazis demanding to know why all these people are gathered in the middle of the night. They reach to open the casket when Mrs. Johansen boldly steps forward. She tells them the doctor suggests it would not be a good idea to open the casket because Great Aunt Birte died of typhus and it may still be contagious. After much argument, the Nazis end up leaving, and then the casket is opened. There is no Great Aunt Birte, but instead there are coats and blankets for the Jews in the room. They all bundle up and head out to Uncle Henrick’s boat to make their escape.

Their escape to safety made me feel like I was actually there with the characters. I was worried these Jews would not make it to safety. The details of their escape were suspenseful and adventuresome. Even though these were only fictional characters, events like this really happened. This helped me understand more about World War II and the how difficult the life was of the Jews going through it.

I recommend this book to people who like to learn more about the history of Danish Jews of World War II. The author of this book makes you feel like you are there with the characters experiencing the struggles of persecution by the Nazis of World War II. I hope you enjoy the book as much as I enjoyed it.

– By Kate Wetherall